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ASU to lead USAID award to bolster leadership, entrepreneurial training for African youth

The $80 million in funding is the largest USAID award in ASU’s history.
October 2, 2023

$80M award funds YALI Africa, the next phase of signature U.S. investment in Africa's youth

Africa enjoys an abundance of natural resources — arable land, renewable fresh water, vast mineral wealth and more — but its most valuable asset may be its youth.

By 2030, it's expected that 42% of the world’s 15- to 35-year-olds will live in Africa. This growing demographic is inheriting a litany of challenges, both regional and global. Successfully navigating these challenges and charting a thriving future hinge on the development of young leaders and the creation of economic opportunity.

The U.S. Agency for International Development has tapped Arizona State University to help realize that future. Backed by $80 million in funding — the largest USAID award in the university’s history — ASU is assembling a coalition to empower Africa’s youth with the tools, education and network to succeed.

The award, Young African Leaders Initiative Legacy Localization (YALI LL) will work with the Education and Youth division of USAID’s Africa Bureau to advance this goal through the YALI Africa project, which takes YALI into its next phase.

“Arizona State University is proud of the strong and future-focused global partnership we share with USAID,” says ASU President Michael M. Crow. “This award reflects our enthusiastic commitment to using all we have to create new learning opportunities and resources that support the success of learners in Africa. USAID’s growing confidence will fuel taking our efforts to a higher level.”

The YALI Africa project will be funded by USAID and implemented by ASU’s International Development Initiative, drawing on the unique capabilities of the Thunderbird School of Global Management, the Watts College of Public Service and Community Solutions, the J. Orin Edson Entrepreneurship + Innovation Initiative and EdPlus.

“I believe one of our greatest strengths as a university is the ability to not only generate knowledge but apply it to real-world challenges in novel ways,” says Sally C. Morton, executive vice president of ASU’s Knowledge Enterprise. “This project represents a tremendous opportunity for ASU to employ our problem-solving engine on a continental scale and support African youth as they chart their future on the global stage.”

Partnering with ASU are FHI 360, the African Diaspora NetworkGeeks Without Frontiers, N50 and CoELIB at Egerton University in Kenya. An African team of experts will implement day-to-day activities across 49 countries in sub-Saharan Africa, operating from four hubs based in Nairobi, Kenya; Dakar, Senegal; Accra, Ghana; and Pretoria, South Africa.

“There’s no way to work through any issue in Africa — whether it’s health, food, climate — without considering and understanding how youth are going to factor in. It’s a thread running through all African issues and discussions,” says Stephen Feinson, managing director of the International Development Initiative in ASU Knowledge Enterprise.

The award follows through on last year’s U.S.-Africa Leaders Summit held in Washington, D.C., where the Biden administration announced new and expanded initiatives to empower African institutions and people. YALI was among the programs the White House renewed its investment in, pledging to invest $100 million over multiple years.

“We are thrilled to be working with Arizona State University as we continue to provide young African leaders, both women and men, the opportunity to have an impact on their communities, their countries and their continent,” says Denise O’Toole, acting YALI coordinator for USAID. “This new award will ensure that the YALI Regional Leadership Centers will provide the best leadership training opportunities to these amazing young African leaders and will also mean a much richer and more effective engagement with our more than 24,000 YALI alumni.”

Young people in Africa face a host of challenges: governmental corruption, political instability, extremism and inequality. Intensifying these issues is a lack of economic opportunity, according to Joyce Ogesi, who serves as the chief of party on YALI LL and will direct the project team in Africa.

Launched in 2010 under the Obama administration, YALI was established to address these issues by empowering young African leaders through three complementary programs: the USAID YALI Regional Leadership Centers (RLCs), the Mandela Washington Fellowship and the YALI Network.

The RLCs are free educational and leadership training hubs, located within higher education institutions, that deliver courses in civic leadership, public management and entrepreneurship for young Africans. The Mandela Washington Fellowship sponsors young African business and community leaders for six-week stays at U.S. universities for academic coursework, leadership training and networking opportunities. The YALI Network is a free, online learning portal that includes courses, videos and opportunities to earn certifications on a range of topics.

ASU was an early YALI partner; the Watts College helped develop the public management curriculum, taught courses and trained instructors for the East Africa RLC in Kenya, and hosted young leaders in the Mandela Washington Fellowship since the program’s inception in 2014.

Over the next five years, the YALI LL award aims to streamline recruitment, admissions, curriculum and communications through a new, on-continent framework called YALI Africa. YALI Africa will expand leadership training opportunities for young African leaders across the continent and build on previous successes at the four RLCs located in Ghana, Kenya, Senegal and South Africa and increase diversity among participants, expanding access to more women, rural youth and underrepresented populations. YALI LL also aims to cultivate a community where YALI alumni can connect and find mentorship and employment opportunities.

“Essentially, the end goal is a program designed by Africans, led by Africans, supporting Africans,” Feinson says.

Though the goals of the new award are ambitious, the Africa-based staff members are optimistic.

“I can see (YALI Africa) creating a movement and a force in Africa that could allow us to face our challenges together,” Ogesi says.

Pete Zrioka

Assistant director of content strategy , Knowledge Enterprise

480-727-5631

Sounding out more efficient semiconductor manufacturing

ASU electrical engineering professor’s company receives SBIR funding from NASA to reduce waste during semiconductor chip manufacturing


October 2, 2023

Current processes to make solar cells and power electronics have a manufacturing waste problem: Up to 95% of the initial block of material, known as a wafer or substrate, is destroyed when wafers are extracted from the substrate then thinned out. These semiconductor manufacturing processes are called wire sawing and backgrinding.

Mariana Bertoni, a professor of electrical engineering in the Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering at Arizona State University, and her former doctoral student Pablo Guimerá Coll sought to reduce the waste from wafer manufacturing. They developed a precise method to apply a crack to the semiconductor substrate material with a small amount of force, then use sound waves to accurately guide the crack to cut off only the needed amount. A wafer of semiconductor material sits on a table in a laboratory setting. A wafer of semiconductor material is shown in Arizona State University Professor Mariana Bertoni’s lab. Her company, Crystal Sonic, received funding from NASA’s 2022 SBIR Ignite program Phase II to advance their Sonic Lift-off manufacturing technology, which uses sound waves to cut semiconductor wafers for electronic devices. Photo courtesy Mariana Bertoni/ASU Download Full Image

The resulting clean and accurate cuts allow the substrate material to be used multiple times and eliminate the need for backgrinding altogether, ultimately reducing waste in the manufacturing process.

“I’ve always been fascinated by the process of spalling, even in nature, and the role of vibrations in breaking things,” Bertoni says.

This fascination with vibrations and spalling, a process in which a piece of material is broken off from a larger chunk, resulted in Bertoni and Coll’s manufacturing method, which they dubbed “Sonic Lift-off.” After Sonic Lift-off showed promise, Bertoni and Coll founded Crystal Sonic in 2018 to further develop and commercialize their research.

Bertoni now serves as the company’s chief technology officer, while Coll has since graduated with his doctoral degree in materials science and engineering and is now Crystal Sonic’s research and development director.

Crystal Sonic has continued to gain prominence from its ideas ­— the company won one of just 12 national $850,000 funding awards from NASA’s Small Business Innovation Research and Small Business Technology Transfer Program, known as SBIR and STTR, respectively, through SBIR Ignite Phase II for Sonic Lift-off, for which the agency sees potential use to manufacture solar cells that can be used in space. Fellow ASU spinout company Solestial, a business specializing in solar technology for use in space started by ASU electrical engineering alumnus and former Assistant Research Professor Stanislau “Stan” Herasimenka, took home another of the 12 funding spots.

SBIR and STTR programs are offered through all U.S. federal agencies to encourage the development of technology from American small businesses for uses in commercial and government settings. The SBIR Ignite program, started in 2022 and specific to NASA projects, looks to help small businesses by distributing funds on an accelerated timeline compared with lengthier traditional SBIR and STTR processes, allowing the companies to continue their research with minimal disruption and develop their technology more quickly.

Crystal Sonic was one of the first participants of the program and began involvement in SBIR Ignite with a Phase I award, which investigated the feasibility of Sonic Lift-off on large wafers.

Good vibrations

Sonic Lift-off uses a precise application of force to create a crack in semiconductor substrate material. After the substrate is cracked, sound waves guide the crack further into the substrate to create a clean cut through the material, producing a thin semiconductor device used in solar cells or power electronics chip manufacturing.

The technique’s use of sound waves to guide the crack results in a smooth finish, unlike the product from wire sawing, which is rough and requires another step of backgrinding to smooth it to a usable level for consumer devices.

Arno Merkle, Crystal Sonic’s CEO, explains Sonic Lift-off reduces substrate waste by allowing blocks of substrate that are typically used only once to be reused one or more additional times. He says the method’s primary application is for compound semiconductor materials such as gallium arsenide, gallium nitride and silicon carbide.

These materials are commonly used for power electronics applications such as certain types of solar panels and chips that convert electricity and regulate its flow in power grid components and electric vehicle drivetrains and chargers.

“Those kinds of chips are not typically the computer chips you’d think about, like the processor in your computer or phone,” Merkle says. “But they are used for other applications like sensors, so even the 3D sensors in your iPhone that measure facial recognition and other sensors for measuring light or distance are examples.”

Because of the difficulty of producing high-quality compound semiconductor materials and the high amount of waste that results from producing chips, devices using them are expensive to produce. Sonic Lift-off’s waste reduction could cut the single largest cost for compound semiconductor chips, which are facing accelerating demand, by at least half.

Lifting off toward the future

While Sonic Lift-off has been proven to successfully cut a bare wafer measuring four inches, the technology has not yet been tested in devices of such a size. Crystal Sonic’s SBIR Ignite Phase II grant will see the company build a second-generation version of the Sonic Lift-off tool and work with manufacturers of space solar technology to determine whether the method can be used in the production of functioning four-inch devices.

Merkle says in the future, Crystal Sonic hopes to process wafers for devices at even larger diameters.

“For things like silicon chips, they’re up to 12-inch wafers right now,” he says. “One of the technical questions we have is, ‘Can we demonstrate this on larger and larger diameter wafers?’”

In the future, Crystal Sonic aims to move on to Phase III of SBIR Ignite, which would see further commercialization of Sonic Lift-off. Merkle says the company plans to start commercialization in the space solar technology industry with potential future market expansion to manufacturers of wide-band-gap semiconductor devices.

With the company’s success and growth as development progresses on Sonic Lift-off, Crystal Sonic has moved out of space rented from Bertoni’s lab on ASU’s Tempe campus into Connect Labs in downtown Phoenix, located in a building created through a collaboration between ASU, development company Wexford and the city of Phoenix.

“We emerged out of ASU’s campus earlier this summer,” Merkle says. “We outgrew that, and we’re hiring two new people to the team. We’re excited to be here in the community of some emerging startups in the Valley of the Sun.”

TJ Triolo

Communications Specialist, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering

480-965-1314