Creativity

ASU professor highlights work of African American prison reformer

Tempe campus

February 24, 2022

Joe Lockard's work is first research publication on Frances Joseph-Gaudet

By any measure, Arizona State University Associate Professor Joe Lockard is an expert in African American studies and 19th and 20th century American literature.

He has researched antislavery literature, written books, published articles, and in 2003, established the Antislavery Literature Project to digitize and make accessible a range of antislavery literature.

Joe Lockard

“I’m a 19th century African Americanist,” said Lockard, who teaches in the Department of English and is an affiliate faculty member in African and African American studies and Jewish studies.

Imagine Lockard’s surprise, then, when he was asked to write a chapter on the history of U.S. prison literature, from the colonial days to the riots in Attica prison, and came upon a book and author he hadn’t heard of.

The book was “He Leadeth Me,” an autobiography by Frances Joseph-Gaudet, an African American woman who was a prison reformer in New Orleans during the late 1890s and early 1900s. She helped establish the first juvenile court in the city and opened the Colored Normal and Industrial School, which eventually encompassed 105 acres and served as an orphanage and boarding school for children with working mothers.

Lockard was intrigued. He began to research Joseph-Gaudet, and that research turned into an article that will be published in April in the journal Southern Studies. It’s the first research publication on Joseph-Gaudet.

As part of Black History Month, ASU News spoke to Lockard about Joseph-Gaudet and his article.

Question: What made you decide to write about Joseph-Gaudet?

Answer: I came across this (book) "He Leadeth Me," which I was unfamiliar with. She has no reputation, her book hasn’t been treated in the critical literature at all, and she represents part of the history of U.S. prisons. As I began to explore, I understood that there was a strong activist element in African American communities that pushed back against mass incarceration from an early point. It’s not a recent phenomenon. It has been going on since at least the progressive era and before, so I decided we needed to learn more in order to fill in this missing history.

Q: Was it important for you to document the work African Americans did in prison reform?

A: Yes. When you read the history of prison reform in the United States, it’s all about white men. What I’m providing in this paper is that the African American community has been active in dealing with this issue, often through its churches. The historical record needs to be wide-eyed and inclusive. This paper is only the beginning. It deals with one figure. There are more. We need to look at African American history to understand that they created often very impoverished means of communal self-care. And this is one person who did a hell of a job. She built a large institution.

historical photo of Frances Joseph Gaudet

Frances Joseph-Gaudet. Photo courtesy Wikipedia

Q: How difficult was it to research the article given the time period?

A: If you do research in cities like New Orleans or Louisville, Kentucky, where there’s been a lot of humidity for a very long time, paper records disappear. There’s very little left recorded about Joseph-Gaudet. So, I gathered what I could. She is known locally among New Orleans historians and people aware of the city’s history. There is a primary school named after her in New Orleans, and about 20 years ago, the Episcopal Church began a process of canonization for her. (The Episcopal Church holds an annual feast day in her honor on Dec. 30.)

Q: What struck me in reading your article is how Joseph-Gaudet understood that she had to appease white men with her language and behavior in order to get anything done for African American prisoners, whether they were adults or juveniles.

A: This is one person who did a hell of a job. She built a large institution. She had to make compromises on the way. She had to be nice to people who were profoundly racist and patronizing. She had to be the pet. But she needed the money to feed the children. She needed the money to house them, to educate them, and we will do anything for children. I'm sure she swallowed some hatred of what she was doing. But she knew what she had to do to get the money that made it all work. And she did that successfully.

Q: Your article goes deeply into her faith. Isn’t that emblematic of many African American prison reformers?

A: I wanted to understand how her religious faith served as reinforcing motivation for her social activism because that’s a very important point in the African American world during this period. She saw this as a religious mission, and she was fulfilling Christ’s gospel. I’m not religious, but I do recognize religion can provide a powerful social motivation. As I read her (book), I wanted to understand how her religious faith served as a reinforcing motivation for her social activism, because that’s a very important point in the African American world.

Top photo courtesy Pexels

Scott Bordow

Reporter , ASU News

Scott.Bordow@asu.edu

Stepping up the push for progress

ASU NSBE chapter president addresses members of the student organization.

There’s more to Arizona State University’s chapter of the National Society of Black Engineers, or NSBE, than what some may infer from its name. Much more.That, in essence, is what leaders of the organization most want fellow students and others in the university community to understand.NSBE membership — at ASU and in the more than 600 chapters in the United States and other countries — is ...

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Stepping up the push for progress

Leaders of ASU's National Society of Black Engineers chapter aspire to accelerate organization's impact by expanding diversity, public outreach endeavors

February 24, 2022

There’s more to Arizona State University’s chapter of the National Society of Black Engineers, or NSBE, than what some may infer from its name. Much more.

That, in essence, is what leaders of the organization most want fellow students and others in the university community to understand. ASU NSBE chapter president addresses members of the student organization. Current president of the Arizona State University chapter of the National Society of Black Engineers Abdi Awale addressed members at first general meeting of the 2021 fall semester. Photo courtesy the ASU chapter of the National Society of Black Engineers Download Full Image

NSBE membership — at ASU and in the more than 600 chapters in the United States and other countries — is not restricted by race, ethnicity or minority status, and not open solely to engineering students.

Advancing inclusivity, diversity, access to education, professional development, career opportunities and social progress are among NSBE’s overarching ambitions.

“The main thing we are about is community engagement,” says Abdi Awale, an aerospace engineering student in the Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering at ASU and current president of the NSBE chapter.

“If you want to do something that can teach you leadership, collaboration, organizational and communication skills and gives you a chance to make a difference, you can do that with us,” he says.

A place for connection and community

Tochukwu Anyigbo, a materials science and engineering student and the chapter’s internal communications manager, says NSBE at ASU guides students in acclimating to the university environment and connects them to faculty and staff members with shared interests to benefit from their experience and expertise.

Awale is from Somalia, and Anyigbo is from Nigeria. They are among more than a few chapter members who come from various countries and cultures around the world.

“We are a little like the United Nations. We have people from many places around the world,” Awale says. “We help to introduce people to our culture here (in the United States and at ASU) and to participate in things going on here, not only students from other countries but from communities and backgrounds in this country where people have not had a lot of experience with higher education and big universities like ASU.”

The group’s membership, including some chapter officers, has included students of Asian and Hispanic descent, as well as those from large and small countries around the world, Awale says.

What the NSBE chapter has done for many of its members over the years is provide mentorship, team them with experienced professionals in engineering and related fields, introduce them to industry leaders and prospective employers, and point them to financial aid and scholarship opportunities.

Judicael Tombo, a 2021 computer science graduate now working as a software engineer for the online car retailer Carvana, is a former for NSBE chapter executive board member and treasurer. He says an important part of his education came through his interactions with the group’s members.

For instance, Tombo learned how to compose resumes and prepare for job interviews, and then shared his knowledge with less experienced NSBE members.

“Helping other students was a great way to destress, plus you learn how to relate to people from different backgrounds,” he says. “You’ll find people who will take you under their wing, tell you about the professors whose classes you should take, how to get an internship and the best places to get internships. Plus, how to have fun in college, so that you don’t become a robot.”

Attendees of meeting of ASU National Society of Black Engineers chapter

At the spring semester dinner event for members of the Arizona State University chapter of the National Society of Black Engineers on Feb. 4, discussion focused on efforts to increase membership and attract support for the chapter’s activities and goals. Members interacted with faculty members in ASU’s Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, including the chapter’s adviser, Professor Terry Alford, Professor Ann McKenna and Associate Professor Jean Andino. Photo courtesy the ASU chapter of the National Society of Black Engineers

Building momentum to broaden NSBE’s impact

Despite the positive experiences the chapter is providing, there is also recognition among current and former leaders that NSBE at ASU has been slow to ramp up efforts needed to move closer to realizing its multifaceted range of educational, social, professional and cultural aspirations.

At present, the chapter has about 20 people on its leadership team, with about 200 more who regularly participate in its internal organizational efforts and in public activities on behalf of the group. But chapter leaders stress the need for more outreach and more social events to both draw new members and more fervently confront the issues and challenges NSBE was in large part established to address.

“We do need to find better ways to reach out to more communities,” Awale says. “We need to show students in high schools, middle schools and even elementary schools what STEM fields are about, and about all the different things engineers do.”

Beyond that, Awale and Anyigbo say, NSBE wants to do more to give today’s younger students a fuller understanding of the history of people who struggled to break through societal barriers that long excluded them from educational and career opportunities in those fields.

Even today, they say, students from various minority groups should be prepared to deal with the persistent traces of those same kinds of obstacles.

In addition to such educational endeavors, NSBE chapter leaders intend to step up efforts to establish stronger business and corporate relations, and collaborations with other student and professional organizations that have missions similar to NSBE.

They also want to add their voices to the assertions that the engineering profession will be capable of contributing to the world’s well-being in more productive and meaningful ways when its practitioners are more diverse.

No one is more pleased to hear that the chapter’s leaders and members are setting a range of big goals for themselves than Terry Alford, a Fulton Schools professor of materials science and engineering, who has been the group’s adviser since coming to ASU almost three decades ago. Over the years, he has seen the chapter’s endeavors and effectiveness go through alternating stages of acceleration and stagnation.

“Sometimes they’ve struggled to maintain their focus and energy, or just to take care of their basic responsibilities. At other times, we’ve had people who took advantage of opportunities and made things happen,” Alford says.

“I think we have students now who want to elevate things, but they will need to find ways to sustain their commitment,” he says. “You will always have good leaders who will graduate and leave. So, other students need to be ready to take bigger roles and be able to keep the momentum going strong."

Counting on ASU’s growing commitment to diversity

Fortunately for groups like NSBE, ASU President Michael Crow’s office has launched the LIFT Initiative. LIFT (an acronym for Listen, Invest, Facilitate, Teach) is designed to enhance opportunities at the university for Black students, faculty and staff, and take actions to benefit all underrepresented groups and members of the ASU community.

“We are committed to diversity in all of our clubs and organizations, and I am using NSBE as a model to look at what organizations need to do to achieve diversity, equality and fairness, and what needs to be done to support them and to break down barriers to reaching those goals,” says Tami Coronella, director of student success and engagement for the Fulton Schools. She is also a member of the subcommittee of ASU’s Black Student Success Initiative, a part of the LIFT Initiative.

Support from these initiatives could do much to help the NSBE chapter provide exactly what the most recent past president of the organization says would help it better fulfill its fundamental purpose.

“It was designed for people who historically have had a lack of access to resources to help them succeed academically, professional and socially,” says Ahmed Usman, whose term as president ended with his graduation in spring 2021 with a computer science degree. He is now a software engineer with Twitch, an interactive livestreaming video service.

“It’s about finding camaraderie and ways to uplift yourself among people who face similar circumstances, who have a common understanding of that experience,” Usman says, adding that such an experience is not always shaped only by race or being in a minority group.

If NSBE and its ASU chapter would adopt and communicate that welcoming outlook more extensively, Usman says, it might open a door for more diversity within its own ranks, and as a result meaningfully broaden its impact in the ASU community and beyond.

Joe Kullman

Science writer, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering

480-965-8122 Joseph.Kullman@asu.edu

ASU professor highlights work of African American prison reformer