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Answers to burning vaccine questions

April 1, 2021

ASU experts weighed in as part of a Q&A panel sponsored by the American Society for Virology

Questions about COVID-19 vaccines? Many people have them.

At a March 30 town hall, top experts from around the country, including some from Arizona State University, had answers. And the news was good.

The American Society for Virology and the American Society for Microbiology have sponsored a series of town halls where anyone can ask any question about the three vaccines being given to the public nationwide.

The experts are professors and laboratory scientists with doctoral or medical degrees, including virologists, infectious disease experts, medical doctors and trained experts from other scientific disciplines.

More than 500,000 people have died in the United States from COVID-19, and the three vaccines available have received emergency authorization from the Food and Drug Administration. They have been tested in thousands of people; the Moderna and Pfizer vaccines each were tested on 30,000 people.

The expert panelists said that out of every 1 million people vaccinated, only one person will experience adverse reactions. No one knows how long the vaccine will be effective, but experts estimate at least one year. The vaccine has twice the efficacy of the flu shot you get every year.

On to specific questions posed by participants:

Does the vaccine permanently change your DNA?

No, it’s gone in about a week or two.

Grandpa had COVID-19 but he’s getting better. Should he get a vaccine?

“Absolutely,” said Jim Alwine, an emeritus professor of cancer biology from the University of Pennsylvania.

“Medically speaking there’s no reason not to get the vaccine after COVID,” added Grant McFadden, center director and professor at ASU’s Biodesign Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy.

How close are we to getting a vaccine for children?

“Late fall, end of the year – depending on how the trials go,” said Brenda Hogue, a professor in the Biodesign Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy. Hogue has studied coronaviruses since she was in grad school.

There is no reason to believe the vaccine is unsafe for children, McFadden said.

Could the vaccine ravage the lungs or cause miscarriages a few months after administration?

No vaccine – ever – has produced adverse effects long term, Alwine said.

“This is one of the cleanest vaccines I’ve seen as far adverse reactions,” he said. “That’s an internet rumor.”

Of the approximately 400 million vaccines that have been administered, University of Arizona moderator Felicia Goodrum — who studies interactions between DNA viruses and their host — said we have not seen adverse effects for pregnancyAs for testing the vaccine on pregnant women, Goodrum says that although no known pregnant women were enrolled in the completed trials (that is, pregnant at the time of enrollment), it was her understanding that some women became pregnant in the course of the trial. Their experiences were the first insights that the vaccine would be safe for a pregnancy, she says..

Will the vaccine you’re getting now prevent these variants you hear about popping up?

Yes. “All of these vaccines have tremendous efficacy,” Hogue said.

Have people died after being vaccinated?

“Absolutely not,” McFadden said. “The record … is of extreme safety for the vast majority of vaccines.”

Do coronaviruses mutate quickly? Will it always be ahead of the vaccine?

“Coronaviruses do not mutate at as high a rate as many other RNA viruses,” Hogue said. We may have to have a booster at some time, however, she added.

What do you say to vaccine deniers who say we are creating a supervirus?

“That’s not an accurate way to view the circulation of the variants,” Hogue said. “We have to monitor these as they arise.”

The opposite is true, actually. Not getting the shot will “encourage” variants popping up.

“Vaccine denial favors the emergence of variants,” McFadden said.

Is 70% of herd immunity going to be safe?

“That’s what the models project at this moment,” Hogue said. “That’s what all the models I’ve seen project.”

“I personally would be surprised if we hit herd immunity in April,” McFadden said.

The two groups most likely to not get vaccinated are Black Americans and white Republicans.

“The propagation of misinformation is really troublesome,” McFadden said. “I think people are worried because of the emergency authorization.”

All the experts agreed that as more people get vaccinated, skepticism will drop.

Will ibuprofen reduce the vaccine’s efficacy?

No.

Will the vaccines protect from common cold?

“It’s not clear there’s any protection offered from previous infection … of viruses that occur on a common basis,” Hogue said.

Was COVID-19 created in a lab?

“That’s a tricky question,” McFadden said. “My best guess is that it came from an animal.”

Town halls will continue through mid-April. Learn more about how to attend a town hall

Top image by Pete Linforth from Pixabay.

Clarification: An earlier version of this story said that there were pregnant women in the vaccine trials. To clarify, although no known pregnant women were enrolled in the completed trials (that is, pregnant at the time of enrollment), some women became pregnant in the course of the trials. But as for testing specifically with pregnant women, Pfizer and Biotech began a trial in February; that trial is still ongoing.

Scott Seckel

Reporter , ASU News

 
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ASU partners with Amnesty International on human rights course

ASU, Amnesty International partner on course for human-rights activists.
April 1, 2021

Class will help mobilize activists for local impact in the Middle East and northern Africa

Arizona State University, in partnership with Amnesty International, has created a new advocacy course that’s being offered to the human rights organization's staff in the Middle East and northern Africa who are eager to help their communities.

The online course, offered in Arabic, is the first outcome of a partnership created in 2019 among the Thunderbird School of Global Management at ASU, ASU’s Sandra Day O’Connor College of Law, and Amnesty International.

Sanjeev Khagram, director general and dean of Thunderbird, entered into the partnership in 2019 with Kumi Naidoo, who was then the secretary general of Amnesty International. Now, Naidoo is a professor of practice at Thunderbird and O’Connor.

“This collaboration with Amnesty is an incredible opportunity for Thunderbird, our incredible law school and ASU, Khagram said.

"This is how we achieve our quest to advance global inclusion, innovation and impact at scale."

The goal of the course is for Amnesty International to harness the passion of changemakers by providing advocacy training, according to Art Hinshaw, a clinical professor of law, the John J. Bouma Fellow in Alternative Dispute Resolution and the founding director of the Lodestar Dispute Resolution Center in the law school. He was part of the team that created the content for the 10-module class.

“Amnesty International has been working on human rights for a long time and they take on big causes. They work on very long-term projects, like how to free this political prisoner,” he said.

“For example, Nelson Mandela was in prison for 27 years. So you can imagine that when you have an energized population of young adults, they can run out of steam because they are not seeing any results for their work.

“Amnesty International wanted to open a new way to participate in the organization for people with a lot of energy and interest that could get results, and that is working on more local issues.”

The course learners will focus on day-to-day issues that affect a wide swath of people, Hinshaw said.

“Amnesty International saw this as a vey important way to keep their teams engaged while impacting broad groups of people,” he said.

“The course covers things like, what is advocacy? How to tell stories. How to deal with opposition. How do you reach the decision-makers?

“If you’re talking about building an alliance, how do you do that?”

As a legal expert, Hinshaw says it’s important for activists to communicate with confidence by preparing and practicing.

“You have to know the subject matter really well,” he said. “If someone says, ‘There’s a chart on page 10,’ you need to know about that chart without looking.”

A team from Amnesty International’s Middle East and North Africa division translated Hinshaw’s content and made it culturally relevant for the audience.

“They know the people in the region and how to communicate with their audience,” he said.

Diana Bowman, professor of law and associate dean for international engagement in the law school, said that developing the course was a chance for the highly regarded Lodestar Dispute Resolution Center to take its programming to an international level.

“We have phenomenal experts at ASU Law, which has been recognized locally and nationally, but if we want to have an impact we need to think beyond our boundaries, whether that’s improving the quality of life or helping institutions to think about governance or emerging technologies,” she said.

“This was also a great opportunity for Art and ASU Law to engage beyond the traditional legal institutions.”

Bowman said that students now can learn from leading activist experts at ASU.

“That opens up so many opportunities for our students to engage with people who are agenda-setting on the world stage.”

Top image courtesy of Pixabay.com

Mary Beth Faller

Reporter , ASU News

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