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Bringing new voices and perspectives into the newsroom

September 15, 2020

'Must See Mondays' speaker series hosts ‘Reporting on Diverse Communities’ and NPR’s Maria Hinojosa and Keith Woods

Newsroom co-workers and society alike benefit when journalists have different perspectives and backgrounds, because they reflect diversity, equity and inclusion.

These differing perspectives could be influenced by skin color, gender or sexual orientation and should be considered assets. They not only represent a shifting America in terms of demographics, but they bring cultural competence to their organizations, according to two nationally renowned journalists.

“What we’re really talking about is dismantling white supremacy,” said Maria Hinojosa, president and founder of Futuro Media and anchor and executive producer of NPR’s Latino USA. “What we’re really talking about is white men understanding they do not have an ownership on so-called objectivity or fairness. … They have one way of seeing the world.”

Hinojosa’s comment was made at “Reporting on Diverse Communities,” a Sept. 14 panel discussion that continues the fall 2020 “Must See Mondays” lecture series at the Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication on Arizona State University’s Downtown Phoenix campus.

Black woman in glasses and braids

Venita Hawthorne James

Moderated by Cronkite Professor of Practice Venita Hawthorne James, the other panelist for the Zoom livestream event was Keith Woods, chief diversity officer for NPR. James said she moderated the event because diverse communities deserve to be visible, valued and understood, and their stories are worthwhile.

“That’s one reason journalists of color, transgender journalists, journalists from multiple generations and from a spectrum of political and religious perspectives — and their allies — are foundational to news, sports and marketing,” said James, who has three decades of journalism experience. “Inclusive coverage also serves a higher purpose, because it connects all communities, in all their diverse splendor, to the fullness of humanity.”

The wide-ranging, hourlong discussion covered a variety of topics that included storytelling, identity, race, ethnicity, social media, allyships and societal shifts in the newsroom.

“We don’t want to take the marathon approach to work. We want change yesterday,” said Woods, who has been a journalist for more than four decades. “The moment is now. … I’m optimistic because I think that the impatience of the people who will have their way is driving this moment for us. We’re having this conversation — as many years as we’ve been having them — because people have not felt the urgency to change. And I think that’s shifting.”

Those shifts have not only taken time, but were often painful to newsroom pioneers, said Hinojosa. She said she suffered from “imposter syndrome,” which she writes about in her new book, “Once I Was You: A Memoir of Love and Hate in a Torn America.”

“I didn’t focus so much that I was the first (Latina) in the newsroom because I had a job to do. I was trying not to be overwhelmed by the imposter syndrome,” Hinojosa said. “I was busy, really trying to quiet that voice — I was like, ‘What am I doing in this editorial meeting? Nobody’s going to understand what I’m about to say.' And I would force my hand to go up. I would literally push it up, hold it up, because I had a responsibility. I think it was that immigrant responsibility. Like, you’re there, you better speak up because your parents didn’t, and you didn’t come all this way to this country to be in a newsroom and not say anything.”

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Maria Hinojosa

Coming from a different background means there are certain biases that a reporter brings to the newsroom, but Woods said practicing sound journalism can help overcome this.

“If we can reject the idea that there is any such thing as human impartiality, then we can get closer to fair, as long as those two notions exist,” Woods said. “The idea is that you want fair and complete, contextually accurate journalism, and you get those things by the exercising of hard questions.”

Ridding biases also includes taking other precautions as a reporter, Hinojosa said.

“You will not see me making any political contribution. You will not see me signing any petition letter,” Hinojosa said. “You will not see me participating in a protest, because I’m covering it and making it clear that I’m a journalist.”

Diversity in newsrooms often means building allyship with others from different backgrounds and learning together what’s acceptable and what’s not.

“Although my newsroom is diverse and includes white men and women, we don’t use the word ‘minority’ (or) the word ‘illegal,’” said Hinojosa, whose Futuro Media is a Harlem, New York-based nonprofit that creates multimedia content for the new America mainstream. “In my newsroom, we can make certain decisions about how we approach certain things. … It’s really hard when you become an employer because you suddenly have to have these conversations.”

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Keith Woods

Woods said he, too, is interested in building allyship, but others should note he’ll be holding them accountable.

“Allyship requires that I both meet you where you are, or you meet me where you are. But accept that I’m going to have a hand on your back pushing that we are not staying where you are,” Wood said. “An allyship cannot succeed if all you’re saying to me is, ‘This is who I am and you have to accept me.’ That’s no great value to me in an allyship. You’ve got to demonstrate you are ready to get on the starting blocks and run that sprint with me.” 

 
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Arizona genetic research group tracks initial spread of SARS-CoV-2

September 15, 2020

Seeds of widespread ‘community’ distribution began mid-February

Initial findings reported by the Arizona COVID-19 Genomics Union (ACGU) suggest that following Arizona’s first reported case of COVID-19 in late January, the state experienced no cases that went undetected and was COVID-19-free until at least 11 distinct incursions occurred between mid-February and early April.

Efrem Lim, a virologist who leads the ASU contributions to the ACGU, said the SARS-CoV-2 genome sequence data can give health care providers and public policy makers an edge in fighting the pandemic.

“Tracking the transmission of the virus and its mutations ensures that therapeutics and vaccines being developed are on the right course,” said Lim, an assistant professor at ASU’s Biodesign Institute and the School of Life Sciences. “We now have a handle on what the SARS-CoV-2 virus in our communities looks like at the sequence level.”

The published results appear in the scientific journal mBio.

Scientists at Arizona State University; the Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), an affiliate of City of Hope; Northern Arizona University; and the University of Arizona launched the ACGU in April with the express purpose of tracking the causative agent of COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2: how it evolves and how it spreads into, within and out of Arizona.

The ACGU sequenced the SARS-CoV-2 genomes in as many virus-positive patient samples in Arizona as possible and, working with Arizona’s public health officials, applied the results toward statewide efforts to test and track patients, as well as provide guidance for Arizona public policy makers.

Quick action by ASU and Maricopa County public health officials, ACGU scientists agree, likely kept the first identified COVID-19 patient in Arizona — a student who had just returned from Hubei, the Chinese province where the disease originated — from igniting an outbreak and prevented Arizona from becoming an early epicenter for the contagion.

“This is a great example of how a rapid and thorough public health response can be successful in preventing the spread of this disease,” said ACGU Director Paul Keim, Regents Professor of Biological Sciences and Cowden Endowed Chair in Microbiology at NAU and executive director of NAU’s Pathogen and Microbiome Institute.

“Similar steps could be taken when shaping future efforts to reopen businesses and schools, even though the virus continues to circulate and people remain susceptible,” added Keim, who is also a distinguished professor and co-director of TGen’s Pathogen and Microbiome Division.

Michael Worobey, an ACGU co-founder and the head of the University of Arizona’s Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, agrees.

“It’s a combination of the patient doing the right things to isolate himself and be aware that he possibly had this disease, and public health officials doing all the right things. Stopping an incursion of COVID-19 was a victory for the state of Arizona,” Worobey said.

This bought Arizona valuable time for preparedness efforts. The first reported case of “community” transmission occurred in Arizona in early March, descended from the Washington state outbreak that was discovered in February. More than 80% of the SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences from Arizona COVID-19 cases descended from at least 11 separate lineages that were initially circulating widely in Europe and via travel have since dominated the outbreak throughout the U.S. None of the observed transmission clusters are epidemiologically linked to the original travel-related case in the Arizona, suggesting successful early isolation and quarantine.

The ACGU uses state-of-the-art sequencers, custom computational analysis workflows and supercomputers to determine the sequence of the virus’s RNA genome, which is just under 30,000 bases long. In contrast, there are nearly 3 billion bases in the human genome, which determine traits as simple as eye and hair color and as complex as an individual’s propensity for cancer and other disease.

TGen has so far sequenced SARS-CoV-2 genomes from nearly 3,000 COVID-19 positive samples for the ACGU, and additional sequencing was performed at ASU and UArizona, from among the more than 200,000 positive cases in Arizona, making it one of the most robust such efforts in the nation. ACGU receives Arizona samples collected by state, county, tribal and private health care systems.

ACGU scientists take advantage of small changes or mutations in the virus’ genome, which naturally occur over time as the virus reproduces, to track the spread of the virus. By comparing mutations observed in Arizona to those present in strains circulating across the globe, they can determine when and from where the virus has been introduced to Arizona.

Using molecular clock analyses, researchers found that the majority of Arizona sequences are represented by two lineages — and several sub-lineages — most of which were likely introduced through domestic travel, but with some evidence for international importation.

“Through the ACGU, we are harnessing expertise in virology, genomics, evolution and bioinformatics from throughout Arizona in order to rapidly distill these genomic data into actionable insights that can complement the state’s public health response,” Keim said. “These results demonstrate the power of public health contact tracing and self-isolation following a positive test for stemming the tide of infections moving forward.”

David Engelthaler, director of TGen North in Flagstaff, which includes the institute’s infectious disease branch, said the initial ACGU findings show how each community, each state is writing its own story for what is happing in the COVID-19 pandemic.

“We need to understand all of those plot lines that have led to where we are now,” said Engelthaler, another of the co-founders of the ACGU. “Once this disease was detected in Arizona on Jan. 26, public health immediately jumped in to make sure that all contacts were identified, samples were collected and the patient was watched very closely for the next couple of weeks to make sure there were not any more cases.”

In the coming months, he said, it will be necessary to track COVID-19 outbreaks and build epidemiological walls around each case, especially for those most at risk: persons older than 65, those in long-term care facilities, prisons, and those with preexisting health problems.

“When you don’t have eyes on this, when you don’t have contact tracing, then it can really easily move from person to person,” Engelthaler said. “It’s really useful for public policy makers to be making locally informed decisions.”

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This study — "An Early Pandemic Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Population Structure and Dynamics in Arizona" — was supported by: the NARBHA Institute, Flinn Foundation, the Virginia G. Piper Charitable Trust, Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Arizona, the National Institutes of Health, the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, the University of Arizona College of Science and Office of Research Innovation and Impact, and BIO5 Institute.

The authors acknowledge the critical role the Arizona Department of Health Services and multiple county and tribal health departments play in directing samples to the ACGU to be sequenced. Computational analyses were run on Northern Arizona University’s Monsoon computing cluster, funded by Arizona’s Technology and Research Initiative Fund (TRIF), administered by the Arizona Board of Regents. Additional analysis efforts also were funded by TRIF. Software development efforts were funded in part by the Chan-Zuckerberg Initiative and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. The Cowden Endowment for Microbiology provided funds to support salaries.  

Joe Caspermeyer

Manager (natural sciences) , Media Relations & Strategic Communications

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